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A titular church or ''ラテン語:titulus'' (En.: title) is a church in Rome assigned or assignable to one of the Cardinals, or more specifically to a Cardinal priest.〔(James T. Bretzke, ''Consecrated Phrases'' (Liturgical Press 1998 ISBN 978-0-8146-5880-2), p. 141 )〕〔(Frederick John Foakes-Jackson, ''An introduction to the history of Christianity, A.D. 590–1314'' (Macmillan 1921), p. 112 )〕〔(What Is a Titular Church? )〕 == History == Originally, these were basilicas in Rome under the direction of a permanently appointed presbyter and corresponding to what would now be called parish churches. They were known as ''tituli'' or ''tituli presbyterales'', distinguished from one another by the name of the founder or proprietor who held the property in custody for the Church.〔(Aluigi Cossio, "Titulus" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' 1912 )〕 For instance, the ラテン語:''Titulus Aemilianae'', now the church of the Santi Quattro Coronati, drew its name from its foundress, who doubtless owned the extensive suburban Roman villa whose foundations remain under the church and whose audience hall became the ecclesiastical basilica. The most ancient reference to such a Roman church is in the ''Apology against the Arians'' of Athanasius 〔 in the fourth century, which speaks of a council of bishops assembled "in the place where the Presbyter Vito held his congregation".〔(Athanasius, ''Apologia contra Arianos'', 20 )〕 By the end of the 5th century they numbered 25, as is confirmed by the ''Liber Pontificalis''. The same number, though with different identities, is given in the reports of councils held in Rome in 499 and 595. In 1120, the number is given as 28.〔 Many more have received the status of titular churches in modern times, other were abandoned, or asigned to another order of cardinals (from deaconry to priestly title or vice versa, permanently or ''ad hoc''), sometimes one is elevated just for the duratio of one incumebnt's cardinalate. In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees, the priests in charge of the titular churches and the clergy in charge of the deaconries. These were known collectively as the cardinals. Accordingly, as ecclesiastics from outside Rome came to be appointed cardinals, they were assigned theoretical responsibility for certain Roman parish churches, a legal fiction establishing their position within the Pope's diocese, the see of Rome. They had no obligation to reside in Rome and so were not personally responsible for the pastoral care of the titular churches assigned to them, a practice still in force today. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Titular church」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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